Intracortical brain-computer interfaces (iBCIs) offer the prospect of motor and communication restoration for people with severe speech and motor impairments. It is estimated that 1.7 percent of Americans live with some form of paralysis. This keyboard was tested using a simple real-time closed loop decoder enabling T5 to type with 31 symbols at 90% accuracy and approximately 2.3 sec/symbol (excluding a 2 second hold time) on average. The locations of these letter/symbols were optimized using natural language statistics, resulting in an approximately a 2× reduction in distance traveled by fingers on average compared to a random keyboard layout. A virtual keyboard was then developed where each finger group moved along a flexion-extension arc to acquire targets that corresponded to English letters and symbols. Neural decoding using 3 independent DOF was more accurate (95%) than that using 5 DOF (76%). three groups of fingers (thumb, index-middle, and ring-small fingers, 3 DOF). We assessed the relative decoding accuracy of flexion/extension movements of individual single fingers (5 degrees of freedom (DOF)) vs. A participant-specific BCI keyboard prototype was developed for a BrainGate2 clinical trial participant (T5) using neural recordings from the hand-knob area of the left premotor cortex. This paper introduces a new iBCI communication prosthesis using a 3D keyboard interface for typing using continuous, closed loop movement of multiple fingers. Intracortical brain computer interfaces (iBCIs) decode neural activity from the cortex and enable motor and communication prostheses, such as cursor control, handwriting and speech, for people with paralysis.
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